What Is Kennel Cough (Infectious Tracheobronchitis)?
📖 Definition
Kennel cough is a highly contagious respiratory infection in dogs characterised by a harsh, honking cough that sounds like a goose honking. It is most commonly caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica bacteria, often in combination with viral agents. Despite its name, dogs do not need to visit kennels to contract it — any dog-to-dog contact is a route of transmission.
Kennel cough spreads through airborne droplets, direct contact, and contaminated surfaces. The infection targets the upper respiratory tract, causing inflammation of the trachea and bronchi. The resulting cough is distinctive — often described as a deep, dry, honking sound that may end with a retching motion that looks like the dog is trying to vomit. Despite appearing alarming, uncomplicated kennel cough in healthy adult dogs is often self-limiting within 10–21 days.
While most cases are mild and self-resolving in healthy adult dogs, certain groups are at higher risk of developing complications such as pneumonia: very young puppies (under 6 months), older dogs, dogs with suppressed immune systems, and brachycephalic breeds whose compromised airways are more vulnerable. Veterinary assessment is recommended for these groups and for any dog with kennel cough that also shows lethargy, reduced appetite, or rapid breathing.
The intranasal or injectable Bordetella vaccine reduces severity and duration of disease but does not provide complete protection because of the multiple agents involved. It is recommended for dogs with regular exposure to other dogs: boarding, dog parks, training classes, groomers, or any social setting. The oral Bordetella vaccine is another option. Vaccinated dogs can still contract a milder form of kennel cough.
Self-limiting in healthy adults: Yes, 10–21 days — but vet assessment recommended
Frequently Asked Questions about Kennel Cough (Infectious Tracheobronchitis)
Q: Does my dog need antibiotics for kennel cough?
Not always. Mild cases in healthy adult dogs often resolve on their own. Antibiotics target the Bordetella component but not the viral elements. Your vet will recommend antibiotics if there are signs of secondary bacterial infection, for high-risk dogs, or if symptoms are severe or prolonged.
Q: Can I walk my dog if it has kennel cough?
Dogs with active kennel cough should be isolated from other dogs. Avoid dog parks, boarding, and social settings for at least 14 days after the last symptom resolves to reduce transmission to other dogs. Lead walks in areas without other dogs are usually acceptable.
Q: My dog was vaccinated and still got kennel cough — is the vaccine useless?
No. Kennel cough is caused by multiple agents; the vaccine primarily targets Bordetella and some viral components. A vaccinated dog that contracts kennel cough typically has a milder, shorter illness than an unvaccinated dog. The vaccine reduces severity rather than providing absolute prevention.
⚠ Medical Disclaimer: This glossary entry is for educational purposes only
and does not constitute veterinary advice. Always consult a licensed veterinarian for diagnosis
and treatment of your pet's health conditions.