What Is Kennel Cough (Infectious Tracheobronchitis)?
Kennel cough is a highly contagious respiratory infection in dogs characterised by a harsh, honking cough that sounds like a goose honking. It is most commonly caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica bacteria, often in combination with viral agents. Despite its name, dogs do not need to visit kennels to contract it — any dog-to-dog contact is a route of transmission.
Understanding Kennel Cough (Infectious Tracheobronchitis)
Kennel cough spreads through airborne droplets, direct contact, and contaminated surfaces. The infection targets the upper respiratory tract, causing inflammation of the trachea and bronchi. The resulting cough is distinctive — often described as a deep, dry, honking sound that may end with a retching motion that looks like the dog is trying to vomit. Despite appearing alarming, uncomplicated kennel cough in healthy adult dogs is often self-limiting within 10–21 days.
While most cases are mild and self-resolving in healthy adult dogs, certain groups are at higher risk of developing complications such as pneumonia: very young puppies (under 6 months), older dogs, dogs with suppressed immune systems, and brachycephalic breeds whose compromised airways are more vulnerable. Veterinary assessment is recommended for these groups and for any dog with kennel cough that also shows lethargy, reduced appetite, or rapid breathing.
The intranasal or injectable Bordetella vaccine reduces severity and duration of disease but does not provide complete protection because of the multiple agents involved. It is recommended for dogs with regular exposure to other dogs: boarding, dog parks, training classes, groomers, or any social setting. The oral Bordetella vaccine is another option. Vaccinated dogs can still contract a milder form of kennel cough.